Lockdown Effects on Air Quality in Megacities During the First and Second Waves of COVID-19 Pandemic

Air pollution is among the highest contributors to mortality worldwide, especially in urban areas. During spring 2020, many countries enacted social distancing measures in order to slow down the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. A particularly drastic measure, the "lockdown”, urged people to stay at home and thereby prevent new COVID-19 infections during the first (2020) and second wave (2021) of the pandemic. In turn, it also reduced traffic and industrial activities. But how much did these lockdown measures improve air quality in large cities, and are there differences in how air quality was affected? Here, we analyse data from two megacities: London as an example for Europe and Delhi as an example for Asia. We consider data during first and second-wave lockdowns and compare them to 2019 values. Overall, we find a reduction in almost all air pollutants with intriguing differences between the two cities except Delhi in 2021. In London, despite smaller average concentrations, we still observe high-pollutant states and an increased tendency towards extreme events (a higher kurtosis of the probability density during lockdown) during 2020 and low pollution levels during 2021. For Delhi, we observe a much stronger decrease in pollution concentrations, including high pollution states during 2020 and higher pollution levels in 2021. These results could help to design policies to improve long-term air quality in megacities.

Lockdown Effects on Air Quality in Megacities During the First and Second Waves of COVID-19 Pandemic

Air pollution is among the highest contributors to mortality worldwide, especially in urban areas. During spring 2020, many countries enacted social distancing measures in order to slow down the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. A particularly drastic measure, the “lockdown”, urged people to stay at home and thereby prevent new COVID-19 infections during the first (2020) and second wave (2021) of the pandemic. In turn, it also reduced traffic and industrial activities. But how much did these lockdown measures improve air quality in large cities, and are there differences in how air quality was affected? Here, we analyse data from two megacities: London as an example for Europe and Delhi as an example for Asia. We consider data during first and second-wave lockdowns and compare them to 2019 values. Overall, we find a reduction in almost all air pollutants with intriguing differences between the two cities except Delhi in 2021. In London, despite smaller average concentrations, we still observe high-pollutant states and an increased tendency towards extreme events (a higher kurtosis of the probability density during lockdown) during 2020 and low pollution levels during 2021. For Delhi, we observe a much stronger decrease in pollution concentrations, including high pollution states during 2020 and higher pollution levels in 2021. These results could help to design policies to improve long-term air quality in megacities. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40030-022-00702-9.

Stress Among Junior School Teachers Working In COVID19 Pandemic Due To Internet Bullying. Cross-Sectional Research

Background: Due to the current pandemic, which has unfortunately forced everyone to stay indoors, a variety of sectors have been negatively impacted. The education sector has been particularly negatively impacted because the corona pandemic has disrupted classes for more than six months. As a result, teachers at schools, colleges, and tuition agencies have begun offering online courses in order to resume the regular curriculum. As opposed to the conventional teaching technique where teachers may engage one-on-one with pupils, educational platforms like Google Classroom, Google Meet, Zoom, etc. are being utilised more frequently than in the past. Method-A study through observation was carried out. by supplying an electronic questionnaire and a personal information form. According to the inclusion criteria, 200 volunteers of both genders with ages ranging from 25 to 60 were chosen. Results-The paired and unpaired-t test were used for statistical analysis. The PHQ-9 Questionnaire and a personal information form were used to measure the result. Conclusion-The aforementioned study It was demonstrated that the COVID-19 Pandemic scenario causes melancholy in the young instructors attending online classes. Copyright © 2022, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.

Update on the north american covid-19 myocardial infarction (NACMI) registry

Background: The Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) care, including timely access to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). The goal of The North American COVID-19 and STEMI (NACMI) registry is to describe demographic characteristics, management strategies and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with STEMI. Methods: A prospective, ongoing observational registry was created under the guidance of 3 societies. STEMI patients with confirmed COVID + or suspected (person under investigation or PUI) COVID-19 infection were included. A group of age and sex matched STEMI patients (matched to COVID + in a 2:1 ratio) treated in the pre-COVID era (2015-2019) serves as the control group for comparison of treatment strategies and outcomes. The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital death, stroke, recurrent myocardial infarction or repeat unplanned revascularization. Results: Current enrollment numbers is comprised of 1,507 patients NACMI (301 COVID +, 604 PUIs and 602 controls). COVID + patients were more likely to have minority ethnicity and have diabetes and undergo medical therapy as primary perfusion therapy (all p <0.001 relative to PUI). Among COVID + patients who received angiography, 71% received PPCI and 23% had no culprit vessels identified on angiography (both p <0.001 relative to controls). The primary outcome occurred in 36% of COVID +, 13% of PUI and 5% of control patients (p<0.001 relative to controls). For the Late Breaking presentation, we will update the numbers of enrolment, present new insights into the ethnic differences, explore patient characteristics in those with no culprit disease and hope to present preliminary results from the EKG and angiographic core lab. Conclusions: COVID + patients with STEMI represent a high-risk group of patients with unique demographic and clinical characteristics and high in-hospital cardiac events.